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An Individualized Education Plan is the formal plan that identifies a student’s unique needs and the specific services and supports the school will provide to address them. It’s created for students who are eligible for special education under IDEA and outlines the student’s present levels of performance, annual goals, the special education and related services to be provided, accommodations and modifications, participation in general education, assistive technology, and how progress will be measured. The plan is developed by an IEP team that typically includes parents, the general and special education teachers, a school administrator or district representative, and others as needed, and it’s reviewed at least annually with a full reevaluation every few years. This distinguishes it from pre-referral processes (actions taken to address learning challenges before a formal eligibility decision), referrals (requests to evaluate), and assessments (the evaluations themselves).